Hambatan dan Strategi untuk Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Laten: Sebuah Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52434/jifb.v16i2.42065Kata Kunci:
hambatan, HIV-TPT, pelayanan infeksi laten tuberkulosis, strategi, TPTAbstrak
Salah satu strategi dan intervensi dari WHO dalam menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis (TB) adalah memberikan terapi pencegahan tuberkulosis (TPT) kepada kelompok orang berisiko atau orang dengan infeksi laten tuberkulosis (ILTB). Beberapa penelitian dilapangan menunjukan masih terdapat hambatan sehingga program ini belum dikatakan berhasil. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan dan strategi potensial untuk mendukung program TPT. Pencarian artikel untuk narrative review ini yaitu abstrak artikel berbahasa inggris dengan rentang waktu terbit dari tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2024 yang diterbitkan dari database Scopus, Pubmed dan World of Sciences (WoS). Dari 106 artikel yang berpotensi memenuhi syarat, terdapat 29 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hambatan yang teridentifikasi adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mengenai TPT, kurangnya arahan dari pembuat kebijakan nasional, kurangnya pengetahuan pasien mengenai penyakit tuberkulosis, ketersediaan logistik belum memadai, kurangnya petugas diagnostik serta pasien kesulitan karena jarak jauh menuju layanan pemeriksaan. Dari hambatan yang teridentifikasi, adapun strategi potensial yang mendukung seperti pelatihan manajemen ILTB bagi tenaga kesehatan, sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada pasien, perencanaan obat dan layanan pemeriksaan yang memadai serta pedoman dan arahan kebijakan nasional yang terintegrasi. Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan resiko terjadinya infeksi TB, arahan kebijakan nasional yang serius serta kolaborasi antara fasilitas kesehatan pemerintah dan swasta untuk setiap kaskade pelayanan ILTB diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang mendukung program TPT sehingga dapat mengurangi insidensi TB aktif secara global.
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