The Effect of Direct Instruction-Based Learning on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Shot Put Material at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang

Abstrak

 (1) This study aimed to determine the effect of Direct Instruction-based learning on students’ learning outcomes in shot put material at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang. (2) This study used a quantitative pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants were 30 tenth-grade students selected using purposive sampling. The learning intervention was implemented through Direct Instruction stages, including explanation of learning objectives, teacher demonstration, guided practice, corrective feedback, and independent practice. Data were collected using cognitive tests, affective observation sheets, and psychomotor performance tests. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and the paired sample t-test. (3) The findings showed that students’ mean learning outcome score increased from 42.50 in the pretest to 87.00 in the posttest. The Shapiro–Wilk test indicated that both pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.103 and 0.120, respectively. The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, with t = 29.975, df = 29, and p < .001. (4) Direct Instruction-based learning significantly improved students’ learning outcomes in shot put material. The structured stages of explanation, demonstration, guided practice, feedback, and independent practice helped students understand shot put concepts, perform the technique correctly, and participate more actively in physical education learning.