Transformasi Latihan Bulutangkis Melalui Pendekatan Karakter: Studi Pengembangan Model Servis dan Smash untuk Remaja di Kota Makassar

Abstract

Youth badminton training has been dominated by technical and physical approaches, while the integration of character as a determinant of sustainable performance has not been systematically developed. This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a character-based badminton training transformation model for improving serve accuracy and smash speed in adolescent athletes in Makassar City. The study used a Research and Development (R&D) design with a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group approach. The sample consisted of 90 athletes aged 13–16 years, divided into intensive experimental groups (n=30), moderate experimental groups (n=30), and control groups (n=30). Instruments included a serve accuracy test, smash speed measurements using a radar gun, a biomechanical checklist, and a character questionnaire (discipline, responsibility, and self-control). Results showed significant improvements in the intensive experimental group, with serve accuracy increasing from 31.42 to 41.85 (p<0.001; d=1.25) and smash speed from 182.36 km/h to 205.42 km/h (p<0.001; d=1.18). Character scores increased from 72.45 to 86.92 (p<0.001; d=1.34). Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between character improvement and smash performance (r=0.68; p<0.001), with a predictive contribution of 46% (R²=0.46). It was concluded that integrating a character approach into technical training significantly improved serve and smash performance and strengthened the psychosocial dimensions of athletes. This model supports the holistic athlete development paradigm and is relevant for sustainable youth badminton development.