EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN JASMANI TERHADAP PERILAKU FISIK DAN KESEHATAN SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH: KAJIAN LONGITUDINAL

Abstract

Physical education is considered a key strategy to prevent physical activity decline and foster a healthy lifestyle in secondary school adolescents. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of physical education on the physical behavior and health of secondary school students from a longitudinal perspective. The method used was a systematic literature review of articles indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, Sinta, and Garuda for the period 2015–2025 using the keywords “physical education”, “physical behavior”, “student health”, and “secondary school” (Indonesian–English). Of the 75 initial articles, 45 passed the title–abstract screening and 20 articles met the inclusion criteria for full review. The majority of studies were published between 2019–2022 and originated from Asia (9 studies) and Europe (6 studies), with predominantly longitudinal cohort, survey, and quasi-experimental designs. Thematic synthesis revealed four main themes: (1) characteristics of physical education interventions emphasizing increased MVPA and health education integration; (2) positive impacts on physical activity, reduced sedentary behavior, increased fitness, and some mental health; (3) supporting factors (teacher support, facilities, active school policies) and inhibiting factors (limited time, minimal facilities, sedentary culture); and (4) methodological and contextual limitations. It is concluded that physical education contributes significantly but is not optimal without consistent environmental and policy support. Practical implications emphasize strengthening the design of physical education learning, active school policies, and longitudinal research with objective measurements to optimize the role of physical education in promoting adolescent health.