Aeration System with PID Control to Optimize Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Fish Ponds
Keywords:
PID, aeration, dissolved oxygen, energy consumtion, microcontrollerAbstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are an important parameter in fish farming because they directly affect fish metabolism, growth, and survival. This study designed an automatic aeration system based on Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control using a LilyGO T-Relay microcontroller and an AC Dimmer module. The system is equipped with DO, pH, and temperature sensors that monitor water quality in real-time and send data to Google Sheets via a Wi-Fi connection. Tests were conducted at four DO setpoints: 4 mg/L, 5.3 mg/L, 6 mg/L, and 7 mg/L. The results showed that the system was able to maintain DO with an average error of 2.02% and energy savings of up to 99.5%, with the lowest power consumption of 0.45 Wh at the 4 mg/L setpoint. This system is considered effective in maintaining water quality while increasing energy efficiency in fish farming.
References
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[1] Y. Mulyani, D. Y. Pratiwi, and M. U. K. Agung, “Penyuluhan Daring Manajemen Kualitas Air untuk Budidaya Ikan dalam Ember di Desa Cipacing, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat,” Farmers J. Community Serv., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 42, 2021, doi: 10.24198/fjcs.v2i1.31546.
[2] E. Toro, D. Hartono, and M. A. F. Utami, “Kajian Kualitas Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Sidat Pada Kolam Air Mengalir,” AQUACOASTMARINE J. Aquat. Fish. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 50–55, 2024, doi: 10.32734/jafs.v3i1.13303.
[3] J. G. Mansula and A. Romadhon, “Analisis Kesesuaian Habitat Peneluran Penyu Di Pantai Saba, Gianyar, Bali,” Juv. Ilm. Kelaut. dan Perikan., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–18, 2020, doi: 10.21107/juvenil.v1i1.6669.
[4] P. A. Indriati and H. Hafiludin, “Manajemen Kualitas Air Pada Pembenihan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Balai Benih Ikan Teja Timur Pamekasan,” Juv. Ilm. Kelaut. dan Perikan., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 27–31, 2022, doi: 10.21107/juvenil.v3i2.15812.
[5] M. A. Djaelani, K. Kasiyati, and S. Sunarno, “Pertambahan Bobot Tubuh, Panjang Tubuh dan Tinggi Tubuh Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipelihara Pada Aerasi dan Padat Tebar Berbeda,” Bul. Anat. dan Fisiol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 106–113, 2023, doi: 10.14710/baf.8.2.2023.106-113.
[6] D. Li, M. Zou, and L. Jiang, “Dissolved oxygen control strategies for water treatment: a review,” Water Sci. Technol., vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1444–1466, 2022, doi: 10.2166/wst.2022.281.
[7] Z. Dong and Y. Wang, “Optimization of Power Load and Energy Consumption in Industrialized Recirculating Aquaculture System,” in IET Conference Proceedings, IET, 2023, pp. 79–82. doi: 10.1049/icp.2023.1875.
[8] X. Zhou, J. Wang, L. Huang, D. Li, and Q. Duan, “Modelling and controlling dissolved oxygen in recirculating aquaculture systems based on mechanism analysis and an adaptive PID controller,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 192, p. 106583, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106583.
[9] M. K. Dawane and G. M. Malwatkar, “Theoretical and experimental implementation of PID and sliding mode control on an inverted pendulum system,” Bull. Electr. Eng. Informatics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 920–930, 2024, doi: 10.11591/eei.v14i2.8439.
[10] H. A. Abdelrahman and C. E. Boyd, “Effects of mechanical aeration on evaporation rate and water temperature in aquaculture ponds,” Aquac. Res., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2184–2192, 2018, doi: 10.1111/are.13674.
[11] N. Nuryanti, B. Dwiartomo, and A. N. Hikmah, “Pengaturan Energy Hybrid Tenaga Surya dan PLN pada Pompa Aerasi Tambak Udang Berbasis PID Control,” Pros. Ind. Res. Work. Natl. Semin., vol. 12, pp. 12–17, 2021, doi: 10.35313/irwns.v12i0.2649.
[12] F. H. Pereira Silva, “On/Off Control Versus PID Control: A Comparative Case Study On Condensers of Cooling Systems,” pp. 88–99, 2022, doi: 10.33422/4th.raseconf.2022.09.48.
[13] Z. Wang et al., “Development of an Enhanced Self-Tuning RBF-PID Controller for Achieving Higher Energy-Efficient Process Control,” J. Build. Constr. Plan. Res., vol. 09, no. 04, pp. 272–291, 2021, doi: 10.4236/jbcpr.2021.94017.
[14] H. Maghfiroh, M. Nizam, and S. Praptodiyono, “PID optimal control to reduce energy consumption in DC-drive system,” Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2164–2172, 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp2164-2172.
[15] X. Yao, G. Zhang, S. Yang, and Y. Chen, “Adaptive Anti-Disturbance Control of Dissolved Oxygen in Circulating Water Culture Systems,” Symmetry (Basel)., vol. 15, no. 11, 2023, doi: 10.3390/sym15112015.
[16] A. Hadi, “Perbandingan Tuning Parameter Kontroller PD Menggunakan Metode Trial and Error dengan Analisa Gain pada Motor Servo AC,” Inovtek Polbeng, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal.polbeng.ac.id/index.php/IP/article/view/42
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