Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Solvent Fractions from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.

Authors

  • Ghina Hasna Afifa Universitas Garut
  • Dhelitha Novia Khofifah Universitas Garut
  • Ragil Maulana Universitas Garut
  • Ruchiyat Ruchiyat Universitas Garut

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52434/npcb.v1i1.42421

Keywords:

antioxidant, DPPH, phytochemical screening, stem bark, Zanthoxylum rhetsa

Abstract

 

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. or also known as Indian Prickly Ash is one of Indonesian plant that has broad application in daily life. Wood is used as furniture and fruit is often used as spice or directly eaten. Several studies have shown that the stem bark of Z. rhetsa consists mainly of alkaloid and lignan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of several extracts and fractions of the stem bark of Z. rhetsa. The Methanol extract derived from maceration process was partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Functional group identification was performed using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay at a wavelength of 517 nm was used to measure antioxidant activity. The method was validated using ascorbic acid beforehand. Phytochemical screening included the test for alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, steroid, and terpenoid, resulting that n-hexane fraction showed positive result for terpenoid, steroid, and alkaloid meanwhile ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction showed positive result for alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin. The result of DPPH assay demonstrated that ethyl acetate fraction possessed the best result and classified as a strong antioxidant agent (IC50=32,109 µg/mL). These results indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa stem bark has a great potential as antioxidant agent.

References

Aziz, F., FI Rahman, S. Huque, SA Ether, and CM Hasan. 2022. “Zanthoxylum Rhetsa

(Roxb.) DC : A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.” Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 10(1):52–72. doi: 10.56499/jppres21.1147_10.152

Azwanida, NN. 2015. “A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation.” Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 4(3). doi: 10.4172/2167-0412.1000196.

Bharudin, MA, S. Zakaria, and CH Chia. 2013. “Condensed Tannins from Acacia Mangium Bark: Characterization by Spot Tests and FTIR.” Pp. 153–57 in AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1571. AIP Publishing. doi: 10.1063/1.4858646.

Das, BK, MM Al-Amin, SM Russel, S. Kabir, R. Bhattacherjee, and JMA Hannan. 2014. “Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Oroxylum Indicum.” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 76(6):571–75. PMCID: PMC4293694.

Hardiyanto, EB. 2008. Seed Collecting and Handling Panggal Buaya (Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.). Jakarta: Directorate General of Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Ministry of Forestry.

Hidayat, R., and P. Wulandari. 2021. “Methods of Extraction: Maceration, Percolation and Decoction.” Eureka Herba Indonesia 2(1):68–74. doi: 10.37275/ehi.v2i1.15. doi: 10.37275/ehi.v2i1.15.

Jinxiang, C., Y. Jing, M.Lanlan, L. Jun, S. Nasir, and K. Chan Kyung. 2020. “Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Methoxy, Phenolic Hydroxyl, and Carboxylic Acid Groups of Phenolic Acids.” Scientific Reports 10(1):2611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59451-z.

Kaurinovic B., and V. Djendji. 2019. "Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids as Potential Natural Antioxidants." Antioxidants 2.1:1-14. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.83731.

Kornpointner, C., J. Scheibelreiter, and H. Halbwirth. 2022. "Snailase: A Promising Tool for the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides from Plant Extracts. Frontiers in Plant Science. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889184.

Maduka, TO, and CBC Ikpa. 2021. “Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.: A Systemic Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Properties, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.” World News of Natural Sciences 37:41–57. EISSN: 2543-5426.

Moo-Huchin, V. M., M. I. Moo-Huchin, R. J. Estrada-León, L. Cuevas-Glory, I. A. Estrada-Mota, E. Ortiz-Vázquez, and E. Sauri-Duch. 2015. “Antioxidant Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in Peel from Three Tropical Fruits from Yucatan, Mexico”. Food chemistry, 166, 17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.127.

National Geographic Indonesia. 2019. “Kepunahan Biodiversitas Tertinggi, Indonesia Peringkat Ke-6.” Retrieved March 27, 2022 (https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/131833161 /kepunahan-biodiversitas-tertinggi-indonesia-peringkat-ke-6.).

Nhiem, NX, PM Quan, and NTH Van. 2021. “Alkaloids and Their Pharmacology Effects from Zanthoxylum Genus.” Pp. 1–26 in Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health, edited by K. Sharma, K. Mishra, C. Danciu, and K. K. Senapati. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.91684.

Parbuntari, H., Y. Prestica, R. Gunawan, MN Nurman, and F. Adella. 2018. “Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Qualitative Analysis) of Cacao Leaves (Theobroma Cacao L.).” EKSAKTA 19(2). doi: 10.24036/eksakta/vol19-iss2/142.

Retnowati, A., Rugayah, JS Rahajoe, and D. Arifiani. 2019. Status Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia : Kekayaan Jenis Tumbuhan Dan Jamur Indonesia. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Ruchiyat, R., T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, and U. Supratman. 2022. “Sinapyl Alcohols Analogues from the Stembark of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line.” Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences. doi: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.060.

Ruchiyat, R., AA Naini, T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, and U. Supratman. 2022. “Lignan (+)-Piperitol-γ,γ-Dimethylallylether from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae).” Jurnal Kimia Valensi 8(2):171–77. doi: 10.15408/jkv.v8i2.26964.

Santhanam, RK, S. Ahmad, F. Abas, IS Ismail, Y. Rukayadi, and K. Shaari. 2013. “Photoprotective Properties of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa: An in Vitro Analysis.” Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 5(12):1512–20.

Sulistyarini, I., DA Sari, and TA Wicaksono. 2020. “Skrining Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Batang Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus).” Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Eksakta 56–62. doi: 10.3194/CEV5I1.3322.

Susanty, and F. Bachmid. 2016. “Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi Dan Refluks Terhadap Kadar Fenolik Dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays L.).” KONVERSI 5(2):87–93. doi: 10.24853/konversi.5.2.87-92.

Tuyen, TT., PC Bach, DH Nghi, PM Quan, PTH Minh, and NTH Van. 2023. "Lignans and some other non-alkaloid compounds from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa and their biological activities." Journal of Chemical Research. doi: 10.1177/17475198231185704.

Velderrain-Rodríguez G. R., H. Palafox-Carlos, A. Wall-Medrano, J. F. Ayala-Zavala, C-Y. O. Chen, M. Robles-Sánchez, H. Astiazaran-García, E. Alvarez-Parrilla, and G. A. González-Aguilar. 2014. “Phenolic compounds: Their journey After Intake”. Food Funct. 5, 189–197. doi: 10.1039/c3fo60361j.

Wongkattiya, N., C. Akekawatchai, P. Sanguansermsri, IA Fraser, C. Pratoomsoot, and D. Sanguansermsri. 2018. “Chemical Compositions and Biological Properties of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Zanthoxylum Limonella Alston.” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 15(2):12–18. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v15i2.2.

Zohora, F. T., M. A. Muhit, C. M. Hasan, and M. Ahsan. 2018. “Quinolone Alkaloids Along with Other Constituents from Zanthoxylum Rhetsa and Their Chemotaxonomic Significance.” Records of Natural Products 12(6):634–37. doi: 10.25135/rnp. 57.17.11.182.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-31

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Natural Product Chemistry Bulletin

Section

Artikel

License

or all articles published in Natural Product Chemistry Bulletin, the copyright is retained by the journal. Articles are published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) .

For Authors:

  • Any article on the copyright is retained by the author(s).
  • The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share work with an acknowledgment of the work authors and initial publications in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published articles of work (eg, post-institutional repository) or publish it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License