Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fraction from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.

Penulis

  • Ghina Hasna Afifa Universitas Garut
  • Dhelitha Novia Khofifah Universitas Garut
  • Ragil Maulana Universitas Garut
  • Ruchiyat Ruchiyat Universitas Garut

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52434/npcb.v1i1.42421

Kata Kunci:

Antioxidant, DPPH, phytochemical screening, stem bark, Zanthoxylum rhetsa

Abstrak

Panggal buaya (Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.) menjadi salah satu flora kekayaan alam Indonesia yang sangat luas pemanfaatannya. Kayunya umum digunakan sebagai bahan dasar furnitur dan buahnya dapat dijadikan sebagai bumbu masak ataupun dimakan langsung. Studi menyebutkan bahwa bagian kulit batang panggal buaya kaya akan kandungan senyawa alkaloid dan lignan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fitokimia dari fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan n-butanol kulit batang Z. rhetsa serta menguji aktivitas antioksidannya. Ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh dari tahapan maserasi difraksionasi secara bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan n-butanol. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan metode penapisan fitokimia juga spektroskopi FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) dengan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) pada λ=517 nm yang terlebih dahulu divalidasi menggunakan asam askorbat. Penapisan fitokimia meliputi pengujian alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan terpenoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-heksana memiliki kandungan terpenoid, steroid, dan alkaloid sementara fraksi etil asetat dan n-butanol positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Evaluasi antioksidan juga menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dan tergolong sebagai agen antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 32,109 ppm. Perolehan data di atas membuktikan bahwa fraksi etil asetat kulit batang Z. rhetsa memiliki potensi sebagai agen antioksidan.

Referensi

Aziz, F., FI Rahman, S. Huque, SA Ether, and CM Hasan. 2022. “Zanthoxylum Rhetsa

(Roxb.) DC : A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.” Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 10(1):52–72. doi: 10.56499/jppres21.1147_10.152

Azwanida, NN. 2015. “A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation.” Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 4(3). doi: 10.4172/2167-0412.1000196.

Bharudin, MA, S. Zakaria, and CH Chia. 2013. “Condensed Tannins from Acacia Mangium Bark: Characterization by Spot Tests and FTIR.” Pp. 153–57 in AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1571. AIP Publishing. doi: 10.1063/1.4858646.

Das, BK, MM Al-Amin, SM Russel, S. Kabir, R. Bhattacherjee, and JMA Hannan. 2014. “Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Oroxylum Indicum.” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 76(6):571–75. PMCID: PMC4293694.

Hardiyanto, EB. 2008. Seed Collecting and Handling Panggal Buaya (Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.). Jakarta: Directorate General of Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Ministry of Forestry.

Hidayat, R., and P. Wulandari. 2021. “Methods of Extraction: Maceration, Percolation and Decoction.” Eureka Herba Indonesia 2(1):68–74. doi: 10.37275/ehi.v2i1.15. doi: 10.37275/ehi.v2i1.15.

Jinxiang, C., Y. Jing, M.Lanlan, L. Jun, S. Nasir, and K. Chan Kyung. 2020. “Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Methoxy, Phenolic Hydroxyl, and Carboxylic Acid Groups of Phenolic Acids.” Scientific Reports 10(1):2611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59451-z.

Kaurinovic B., and V. Djendji. 2019. "Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids as Potential Natural Antioxidants." Antioxidants 2.1:1-14. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.83731.

Kornpointner, C., J. Scheibelreiter, and H. Halbwirth. 2022. "Snailase: A Promising Tool for the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides from Plant Extracts. Frontiers in Plant Science. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889184.

Maduka, TO, and CBC Ikpa. 2021. “Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.: A Systemic Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Properties, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.” World News of Natural Sciences 37:41–57. EISSN: 2543-5426.

Moo-Huchin, V. M., M. I. Moo-Huchin, R. J. Estrada-León, L. Cuevas-Glory, I. A. Estrada-Mota, E. Ortiz-Vázquez, and E. Sauri-Duch. 2015. “Antioxidant Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in Peel from Three Tropical Fruits from Yucatan, Mexico”. Food chemistry, 166, 17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.127.

National Geographic Indonesia. 2019. “Kepunahan Biodiversitas Tertinggi, Indonesia Peringkat Ke-6.” Retrieved March 27, 2022 (https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/131833161 /kepunahan-biodiversitas-tertinggi-indonesia-peringkat-ke-6.).

Nhiem, NX, PM Quan, and NTH Van. 2021. “Alkaloids and Their Pharmacology Effects from Zanthoxylum Genus.” Pp. 1–26 in Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health, edited by K. Sharma, K. Mishra, C. Danciu, and K. K. Senapati. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.91684.

Parbuntari, H., Y. Prestica, R. Gunawan, MN Nurman, and F. Adella. 2018. “Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Qualitative Analysis) of Cacao Leaves (Theobroma Cacao L.).” EKSAKTA 19(2). doi: 10.24036/eksakta/vol19-iss2/142.

Retnowati, A., Rugayah, JS Rahajoe, and D. Arifiani. 2019. Status Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia : Kekayaan Jenis Tumbuhan Dan Jamur Indonesia. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Ruchiyat, R., T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, and U. Supratman. 2022. “Sinapyl Alcohols Analogues from the Stembark of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line.” Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences. doi: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.060.

Ruchiyat, R., AA Naini, T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, and U. Supratman. 2022. “Lignan (+)-Piperitol-γ,γ-Dimethylallylether from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae).” Jurnal Kimia Valensi 8(2):171–77. doi: 10.15408/jkv.v8i2.26964.

Santhanam, RK, S. Ahmad, F. Abas, IS Ismail, Y. Rukayadi, and K. Shaari. 2013. “Photoprotective Properties of Zanthoxylum Rhetsa: An in Vitro Analysis.” Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 5(12):1512–20.

Sulistyarini, I., DA Sari, and TA Wicaksono. 2020. “Skrining Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Batang Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus).” Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Eksakta 56–62. doi: 10.3194/CEV5I1.3322.

Susanty, and F. Bachmid. 2016. “Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi Dan Refluks Terhadap Kadar Fenolik Dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays L.).” KONVERSI 5(2):87–93. doi: 10.24853/konversi.5.2.87-92.

Tuyen, TT., PC Bach, DH Nghi, PM Quan, PTH Minh, and NTH Van. 2023. "Lignans and some other non-alkaloid compounds from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa and their biological activities." Journal of Chemical Research. doi: 10.1177/17475198231185704.

Velderrain-Rodríguez G. R., H. Palafox-Carlos, A. Wall-Medrano, J. F. Ayala-Zavala, C-Y. O. Chen, M. Robles-Sánchez, H. Astiazaran-García, E. Alvarez-Parrilla, and G. A. González-Aguilar. 2014. “Phenolic compounds: Their journey After Intake”. Food Funct. 5, 189–197. doi: 10.1039/c3fo60361j.

Wongkattiya, N., C. Akekawatchai, P. Sanguansermsri, IA Fraser, C. Pratoomsoot, and D. Sanguansermsri. 2018. “Chemical Compositions and Biological Properties of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Zanthoxylum Limonella Alston.” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 15(2):12–18. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v15i2.2.

Zohora, F. T., M. A. Muhit, C. M. Hasan, and M. Ahsan. 2018. “Quinolone Alkaloids Along with Other Constituents from Zanthoxylum Rhetsa and Their Chemotaxonomic Significance.” Records of Natural Products 12(6):634–37. doi: 10.25135/rnp. 57.17.11.182.

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2025-05-31

Terbitan

Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Natural Product Chemistry Bulletin

Bagian

Artikel

Lisensi

or all articles published in Natural Product Chemistry Bulletin, the copyright is retained by the journal. Articles are published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) .

For Authors:

  • Any article on the copyright is retained by the author(s).
  • The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share work with an acknowledgment of the work authors and initial publications in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published articles of work (eg, post-institutional repository) or publish it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License