Antidiabetic Activity of Green Seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) Ethanol Extract in Alloxan Induced Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Authors

  • Ana Noviana Rachmadhiani Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada
  • Nur Rahayuningsih Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada
  • Dichy Nuryadin Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52434/jifb.v16i2.42629

Keywords:

alloxan, antidiabetic, Eucheuma spinosum, green seaweed

Abstract

Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder with a globally increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the ethanol extract of Eucheuma spinosum on alloxan-induced rats in vivo. This study used an experimental design with 24 rats divided into six groups, namely the normal control group, positive control (metformin 9 mg/200 g body weight), negative control, and three treatment groups receiving Eucheuma spinosum extract at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/200 g body weight. The extract was obtained through the maceration method and contains active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Blood glucose measurements were taken before and after the treatment. The yield of the extract obtained was 2.5%. The highest dose, 120 mg/200 g body weight of the rats, resulted in the most significant decrease in blood glucose levels by 39.705%. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the treatment and negative control groups. The antidiabetic activity of this extract is suspected to originate from its flavonoid and saponin content, which stimulate the regeneration of pancreatic β cells and inhibit glucose absorption in the digestive tract. Ethanol extract of Eucheuma spinosum is effective in lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and has the potential to be developed as a natural antidiabetic agent.

References

1. Hartono H, Ediyono S. Hubungan tingkat pendidikan, lama menderita sakit dengan tingkat pengetahuan 5 pilar penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus di wilayah kerja puskesmas sungai durian kabupaten KBU Raya Kalimantan Barat. J TSCS1Kep. 2024;9(1):49–58.

2. Bingga IA. Kaitan kualitas tidur dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Med Hutama. 2021;2(4):1047–52.

3. Astutisari IDAEC, AAA Yuliati Darmini AYD, Ida Ayu Putri Wulandari IAPW. Hubungan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Manggis I. J Ris Kesehat Nas. 2022;6(2):79–87.

4. Soelistijo S. Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa di indonesia 2021. PERKENI. Jakarta: PERKENI; 2021. 113 p.

5. Bidara Panita Umar, Cut Pattipeilohy AJ, Wali WY. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol rumput laut merah (Eucheuma Spinosum) terhadap pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. J Ris Rumpun Ilmu Kedokt. 2023;1(1):46–51.

6. Sinata N, Denni I, Khairi W. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes infusa daun salam ( Syzygium polyanthum ( Wight ) Walp .) terhadap kadar glukosa darah mencit putih ( Mus Musculus L.) jantan yang diinduksi glukosa. Lumbung Farm J Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2023;4(1):33–40.

7. Stevani AN, Rissa MM. Efektivitas ekstrak etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifilia Steen.) sebagai antidiabetes pada mencit (Mus musculus. L). J Ilm Ibnu Sina. 2024;8(3):37–45.

8. Fadel MN, Besan EJ. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Indones J Farm. 2020;5(2):1–6.

9. Saputri M, Perangin angin DSB, Lubis SH. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak etanol daun sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore) terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. J Pharm Sci. 2023;6(2):626–32.

10.Hendrika Y, Sandi NH. Aktivitas antidiabetes fraksi etil asetat rimpang curcuma mangga val. terhadap mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. J Prot Kesehat. 2021;10(1):55–61.

11.Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd; 1998.

12.Widiastuti W, Riyanto S. Perbandingan metode pemeriksaan glukosa darah metode heksokinase dan peroksidase pada tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus). J Islam Pharm. 2024;9(1):27–30.

13.Mutia MS. Model hewan coba diabetes: diet tinggi lemak dan induksi Sterptozotosin. Unpri Press. Medan: Universitas Prima Indonesia; 2022. 68 p.

14.Rosa DY, Primiani CN, Bhagawan WS. Rendemen ekstrak etanol daun genitri ( Elaeocarpus ganitrus ) dari Magetan. Semin Nas Prodi Farm UNIPMA. 2023;146–53.

15. Kosala G, Handajani F, Nabil N, Samsuddin M. Peran profilaksis ekstrak rumput laut (Eucheuma spinosum) mencegah kenaikan kadar gula darah tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi Dexamethasone. Surabaya Biomed J. 2025;4(2):78–84.

16.Amin S, Agustin LSA. Literatur review : senyawa bioaktif sebagai inhibitor enzim diabetes melitus. J Anal Farm. 2025;10(1):45–55.

17.Agustina S, Olahairullah O, Ruslan R, Mutmainnah PA. Ekstraksi nanokaragenan eucheuma cottonii menggunakan ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) dan potensinya sebagai anti diabetes. Oryza J Pendidik Biol. 2024;13(2):206–17.

18.Rahayuningsih N, Piranti P, Zustika DS. Antidiabetic of mango (Mangifera longipes Griff.) leves: methanol extract, water fraction, and ethyl acetate. Indones J Pharm Sci Technol. 2022;1(1):88.

19.Ukratalo AM, Kakisina P, Mailoa MN. The effect of Eucheuma cottonii extract on body weight and blood sugar levels of mouse (Mus musculus) Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. J Biol Trop. 2023;23(3).

Downloads

Published

2025-07-31

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari

Section

Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

or all articles published in Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari, the copyright is retained by the journal. Articles are published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) .

For Authors:

  • Any article on the copyright is retained by the author(s).
  • The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share work with an acknowledgment of the work authors and initial publications in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published articles of work (eg, post-institutional repository) or publish it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.